It pushed the. There is an abundance of textual evidence to support this, perhaps most famously an address given by Alexander Stephens known as the "Cornerstone Speech." Due to its efficiency, many plantation owners moved from growing multiple crops to only focusing on harvesting cotton. The answer is both and neither. It took nearly 250 eventful years longer for it to boil into a war, A Toxic Mix of Anti-War and Anti-Abolitionist Sentiment Led to the Norths First Riots, The Hidden Battlefield Where Black Troops Avenged Fallen Comrades and Earned the Medal of Honor, This Confederate Officer Couldnt Go To War Without His One-Gallon Whiskey Jug, Before CGI, These Maps Made Gettysburg Come Alive, Want to Live on a Battlefield? Alexander Hamilton Stephens Statue, Architect of the Capitol. It created two new territories that would allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they would be free states or pro-slavery states. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. This created an economy deeply threatened by the oncoming rise of, John C. Calhoun was a leading advocate for Southern states and firmly believed in the idea of nullifying a federal act that was found unconstitutional. Still others, including Abraham Lincoln, simply hoped to keep slavery from expanding. Northern states began to rely more heavily on industry and production rather than agriculture like the country's Southern states. The Civil War is one of the most complex, studied and written about events in U.S. history and was fought from 1861 to 1865. If we consider these two images of the inaugurationone a photograph and the other a color lithographwe see people of all ages including some Black figures gathered around the Capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama. This paper explains that slavery forms under both long term and short term causes of the civil war. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Ultimately, he left Kansas to carry his fight closer to the bosom of slavery. Jackson had vowed to send an army to force the state to stay in the Union, and Congress authorized him to raise such an army (all Southern senators walked out in protest before the vote was taken), but a compromise prevented the confrontation from occurring. African slavery as it exists amongst us . The Nigerian Civil War: The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was a conflict in the Federal Republic of. In the process, the South took control of federal installations, including forts in the region, which would give them a foundation for war. However, the extent to which the slavery issue caused the war is subject to the reader's interpretation. Question 30. How many died in the Civil War? A major influence was the growth of the North's power both economic and political and the fear this bred in the Southern states. The abolitionists came with a variety of viewpoints. Due to its efficiency, many plantation owners moved from growing multiple crops to only focusing on harvesting cotton. What did the Whig Party do for the state of North Carolina? In the North, the influx of immigrantsmany from countries that had long since abolished slaverycontributed to a society in which people of different cultures and classes lived and worked together. [7] Alexander M. Stephens and Brendan A. Stephens, Georgias paean to Confederacy at U.S. capitol must go, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 25, 2017. . The Republican Party was also known as _____. Learn more about Alexander H. Stephens Cornerstone Speech. Kelly, Martin. [4], If we consider these two images of the inaugurationone a photograph and the other a color lithographwe see people of all ages including some Black figures gathered around the Capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama. Below is an explanation of each cause and how it impacted the outcome of war. Create and find flashcards in record time. When Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, it became faster than ever to separate the cotton from seeds. (1862). The economic causes of the American Civil War (1861-1865) were rooted in the differences between the Northern and Southern states. Opposition to Reconstruction: The Rise of the KKK and Other Hate Groups, The National Association of Colored Women, Black Representation in Government: Jesse Jackson, Shirley Chisolm, and more, Police Racism, Violence, and Black Lives Matter, Statistical View of the United States, Compendium of the Seventh Census, Statistical view of the United States in 1850, Population of the United States 1860: Compiled from the Original Returns of the 8th Census. For nearly a century, the people and politicians of the Northern and Southern states had been clashing over the issues that finally led to war: economic interests, cultural values, the power of the federal government to control the states, and, most importantly, slavery in American society. Statistical View of the United States, Compendium of the Seventh Census. We was a conservative republican who disagreed with slavery. Perhaps learning from that experience the danger of going it alone, in 1860 and early 1861 South Carolina sent emissaries to other slave holding states urging their legislatures to follow its lead, nullify their contract with the United States and form a new Southern Confederacy. Many Northern industries were purchasing the South's raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. B) Abraham Lincoln was elected president. It was enough for Lincoln to win the popular vote, as well as 180 electoral votes. Exacerbating tensions, the old Whig political party was dying. Wars are large and complicated affairs. The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. Jefferson in his forecast had anticipated this, as the "rock upon which the old Union would split." He was right. The South, however, continued to hold onto a social order based on white supremacy in both private and political life, not unlike that under the rule of racial apartheid that persisted in South Africa for decades. This led to what is known as "Secession Winter," where six more states would follow in South Carolina's footsteps, soon creating "The, reasonings for secession to be similar to the. The Second National Bank of the United States. Economic Disparity between Northern and Southern States 2. When we examine the visual record of the Civil War, it is best to immediately ask who an image was made for, who made it, what it aimed to achieve, how it was understood at the time it was made, and how its meaning has changed. [8] Eleanor Harvey, The Civil War and American Art (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2012), p. 35. She was able to purchase her own freedom and that of her son in 1852 using $1,200 she earned from her sewing and that she was able to borrow from her wealthy clientele. John C. Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, a group of conservative Whigs hoping to avoid secession. The bloodiest war in U.S. history would officially begin with the Confederate attack on, Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. The 1840s-1850s During the 1840s to 1850s, Europe's modernization spread to North America. the coup and the counter coup of . The Whig Party was formed in opposition of ____? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019). What was the major cause of the Civil War? At 2:30 p.m. the following day, Major Anderson surrendered. The Southern Democrats put John C. Breckenridge on the ballot. In the South, Republicans were seen as little more than divisive. Also, the population at large began to perceive it as morally wrong. two different worlds. It formed two parts, starting in 1927, separated by the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, and started again in 1946 after the war with Japan was over. Leaders such as Thomas Jefferson, for example, were more in favor of states' rights and did not attend the meeting, seeing it as undermining state independence. The financial and political influence of cotton in the 18th and 19th century was unprecedented. The presidential election of 1860 would be the deciding point for the Union. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Harriet Beecher Stowes anti-slavery novel Uncle Toms Cabins was published in serial form in an anti-slavery newspaper in 1851 and in book format in 1852. The federal government denied states this right. The collections of museums and archives, as well as public monuments, show us how artists captured the many issues that divided the nation in the years leading up to the Civil War, from the abolitionist movement to westward expansion, in photography, painting, sculpture, and popular prints. In Kansas, particularly, violent clashes between proponents of the two ideologies occurred. The new medium of photography, capable of capturing the visible world as never before, proved a valuable tool in this. Movement for the abolition of slavery 4. But whether he fully comprehended the great truth upon which that rock stood and stands, may be doubted. A forced displacement of around 60,000 Native American peoples. Which candidate later became president of the US? But when Northern abolitionists made a martyr of him, Southerners came to believe this was proof the North intended to wage a war of extermination against white Southerners. What was the immediate cause of the American war? We also see more clearly the faces of the figures and their interactions than we do in the early photograph. The Civil War grew out of longstanding tensions and disagreements about American life and politics. What was the immediate cause of the Civil War? His name was John Brown. What was the immediate cause of the Nigerian Civil War? African slavery as it exists amongst us . What was Andrew Jacksons Trail of Tears? . With the long-standing values of White Supremacy and the healthy land available for agricultural production, the need for slavery in the South only grew. Others voted down secessiontemporarily. They were against a Republican president. When nullification would not work and many of the Southern states felt that they were no longer respected, they moved toward thoughts of secession. The forts commander, Major Robert Anderson, refused. The Northern Whigs went on to create the _____ party. Though the long-term causes did have a profound contribution to the outbreak of the English Civil War, it was ultimately the events which immediately preceded it which were most instrumental in its outbreak. How did this actually affect armies? As the Abolitionist movement grew in the North, the Souths way of life became threatened. Turmoil in Richmond: Joe Johnston, Jefferson Davis Command Alliance Was Doomed From the Start. Washington: A.O.P. The English Civil Wars are traditionally considered to . Harriet Beecher Stowewrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," a popular novel that opened many eyes to the reality of enslavement. The American Revolution was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754-63). An interview with historian Richard M. McMurry on his 2023 book, The Civil Wars of General Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate States Army., History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Previously enslaved people were still not granted the right to freedom or their citizenship despite now residing in a free state. In the Civil War era, this struggle focused heavily on the institution of slavery and whether the federal government had the right to regulate or even abolish slavery within an individual state. WHAT CAUSED THE CIVIL WAR: THE SETTING. When California was admitted as a free state, one of the provisions was the Fugitive Slave Act. Long Essay on Causes of the Civil War Essay is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. 1. In this atmosphere, the seeds of white supremacy were sown. Will you pass the quiz? In June 2021, the House of Representatives voted to remove statues that honor Confederate leaders. At the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the enslavement of people not only remained legal in all 13 British American colonies, but it also continued to play a significant role in their economies and societies. Why did Stephen A. Douglas view Abraham Lincoln as radical? There is no singular cause that led up to the Civil War, with multiple problems ranging from federal and state rights, to the economy, to the election of 1860. They felt that the states should still have the right to decide if they were willing to accept certain federal acts. Immediate causes of the Civil War - YouTube This video describes the immediate causes of the U.S. Civil War: The Election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the secession of South Carolina. In contrast, the Souths enormous one-crop economy kept them heavily relying on slave labor. Strong proponents of states rights like Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were not present at this meeting. Davis and Stephens stand in the center of the podium facing the crowd. A significant difference between the factions was their economy: industry in the North, and agriculture in the South. South Carolina was the first to officially declare its secession from the Union in December of 1860 with their "Declaration of the Causes of Secession." Douglas won only Missouri and a portion of New Jersey. Did Uncle Tom's Cabin Help to Start the Civil War? Any territory _____ of the 3630 line was not allowed to be a slave state. Having tensions reach a breaking point caused the Civil War to begin with the Confederate attack on. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. With a way of life steeped in age-old traditions of white supremacy and a mainly agricultural economy that depended on the labor of enslaved people, the Southern states viewed enslavement as essential to their very survival. This resulted in the idea of nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule federal acts unconstitutional. Many of its followers joined with members of the American Party (Know-Nothings) and others who opposed slavery to form a new political entity in the 1850s, the Republican Party. The projected nominee of the Republican Party was originally ______. Paintings, too, often addressed the issues of both prewar and wartime emotion using landscape as a metaphoras the art historian Eleanor Harvey put it, American audiences seemed eager to ascribe patriotic sentiments to the landscape as a means of channeling wartime emotions. [8] For example, Frederic Churchs 1860 painting, The Meteor of 1860, depicts a meteor streaking through the night sky and its reflection in water below. { "13.4.4.01:_Introduction_to_the_U.S._Civil_War_in_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.4.4.02:_The_Immediate_Cause_of_the_Civil_War_an_introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.4.4.03:_The_problem_of_picturing_slavery" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.4.4.04:_Michelle_Browder_Mothers_of_Gynecology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.4.4.05:_Literacy_and_slavery-_David_Drake_Double-handled_jug" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", 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Calhoun, Slavery as a Positive Good, 1837. In the Civil War era, this struggle focused heavily on the institution of slavery and whether the federal government had the right to regulate or even abolish slavery within an individual state. o The North got the . The chromolithograph on the right, made more than a decade after the end of the war, was based on the earlier photograph (left), but collapses the middle ground and narrows the composition to consolidate the crowd and focus on the grand portico, its balconies and the clock tower. Additionally, some abolitionists took a less peaceful route to fighting against slavery. Despite having resided in two free states along with his master, the court still ruled that Scott was not entitled to his freedom; the judge viewed him as property and not a person. [5] This estimate of the Civil War dead derives from a census study comparing the male survival rates from 1860 to 1870. C) Several Southern states voted to secede. causes of the civil war graphic organizer activitysectionalism, slavery, states' rights, secessionevents leading up to the civil war graphic organizer activity events include: u.s. constitution rise of abolitionist movement underground railroad missouri compromise free soil party compromise of 1850 fugitive slave law uncle tom's cabin Immediate Causes of The Nigerian Civil War The 1966 coup d'etat which claimed the lives of the powerful ex-politicians, especially from the Nothern and Western Regions. Naturally, the South was infuriated at the winning of a Republican candidate; Lincoln had been left off of ten state ballots, and the Democratic Party had split into three groups. Hence the need for slavery in the North started to dwindle. Mexico did not recognize Texas as legitimate American territory and Texas admission to the United States antagonized Mexican officials and citizens. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. As the other answer notes, the immediate cause of the Civil War was the South's 1861 attack on Fort Sumter. Despite having resided in two free states along with his master, the court still ruled that Scott was not entitled to his freedom; the judge viewed him as property and not a person. The 3630 line is also known as the _______ line. One of these immediate causes was the monarch, Charles I, who was very unpopular in every sense of the word, for a variety of reasons. Abolitionists used images to make the horrors of slavery vivid for white audiences, while slaverys apologists used them to paint fictitious images of happy slaves and cheerful plantation life. "What Were the Top 4 Causes of the Civil War?" Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. What was the Republican Convention of 1860 for? They wrote the Declaration of the Causes of Secession with this purpose. Not a single shot was fired in that exchange, but the stage was set for the bloodiest war in American history. In what state did the debates take place? [9]. Many European workers had already removed slavery within their home countries, and the idea of Abolitionism in the United States began to grow. Causes of the Civil War - learn & understand it online History US History Causes of the Civil War Causes of the Civil War Birth of a Nation Civil Rights Activists Civil Rights Acts of 1866 Civil Rights Legislations Civil Rights Organizations Civil Rights Protests Civil War Battles Civil War Democracy Civil War Military Strategies of North and South Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union. What happened to Lincoln just after the Civil War? To the surprise of other Southern statesand even to many South Caroliniansthe convention voted to dissolve the states contract with the United States and strike off on its own. 1860 The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 would be the event that pushed the Southern states to their breaking point; a Republican President threatened to destroy their economy and their way of life. The great truth upon which that rock stood and stands, may be.! Immediate cause of the podium facing the crowd long Essay on Causes of the Nigerian Civil War a. From growing multiple crops to only focusing on harvesting cotton its efficiency, many plantation owners from! Admission to the reader & # x27 ; s interpretation site on the Internet within their home,... Spread to North America, capable of capturing the visible world as never before, proved valuable., Jefferson Davis Command Alliance was Doomed from the Start for Lincoln to the! 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