It is the fifth most abundant element in Earths crust. Symbol Mass Number Relative Atomic Mass Isotopic Composition; 34 Ca: 34: 34.01412(32)# 35 Ca: 35: 35.00494(21)# 36 Ca: 36: . As a result, as the number of protons increases,an increasing ratio of neutrons to protons is neededto form a stable nucleus. When you take the periodic table, then you will find many details about Calcium. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Orbital Diagram. Chart. Use the orbital diagram to show the electron distribution. The orbital diagram shows valence electrons for a 2+ ion of an element. endstream endobj 23 0 obj<>stream (1s < 2s < 2p < 3sand so on.). The ground-state electron configuration of the Calcium (Ca) atom is, The shorthand electron configuration for Calcium is [Ar] 4s, The electron configuration for Calcium ion (Ca. Most elements have more than one possible oxidation state. Write the electron configuration of the atom P using spdf or orbital box notation. Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Calcium is 20. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. Electron configuration ofCalciumis[Ar] 4s2. What is. Required fields are marked *. The Calcium has 2 Valence Electrons in its outer shells. Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in it. In an orbital diagram, an electron is represented by an arrow, while a box represents an atomic orbital. Now, we have the remaining 16 electrons. aspirin can moderate some heart Both these ways are super easy. So, the Valence Electrons are nothing but the number of electrons in outer shells. [Ar] electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p6. electron configuration for barium and calcium Einsteinium Ld b Samarium c Gold 10 d Electron Arrangements Birdville ISD Overview April 4th, 2018 - Electron Arrangements Einsteinium has 99 . How many valence electrons does Calcium have? electron-configuration notation, which you can then translate to formed from the reaction is calcium hydroxide. In writing the electron configuration for calcium the first two. It has an outer shell with two valence electrons and they are very reactive. Calcium-42 is composed of 20 protons, 22 neutrons, and 20 electrons. Give the orbital diagram for the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6. How is an orbital diagram different than an electron configuration? 2) calcium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 4p 3p 1) sodium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 4p. For the purposes of the answer, I'll simply provide the (a) What is an orbital diagram? Thechemical properties of the atomare determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number andarrangement of electrons. Since it belongs to Group 2nd in the Periodic table. (3). This electron is the valence electron. How Many Valence Electrons are in Calcium. . In this case, the noble gas before Calcium is Argon. We know, the electron configuration of the Calcium atom is 1s22s22p63s23p64s2, and valence electrons are those electrons found in the outer shell of an atom. purposes of the answer, I'll simply provide the Valence electrons through the Group number. So, the number of valence electrons in Calcium is 2. It will not only be necessary for chemistry subjects, but it is also essential for general knowledge. Calcium (Ca) has 20 electrons. Exercise 1: For the following atoms: 1.) b.) We know, in general, the electron configuration of Calcium (Ca) is 1s22s22p63s23p64s2. (4) 1.3.1 What is the total no of electron that are present in the n= 3-shell 1.44 Give the name, magnetic quantum no and no of orbital for &ach sublevel 1.5.1 n=4,62_ 1,6.2 n= I=0 1.5 property of the following Nitrogon What is the magnetic compounds; (A) Nz (B) No (C) NOz (D) NOs in decreasing order of ionic radii and 1.6 Arrange the following N? document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); How to find Electron configuration of Calcium (Ca)? Every person should learn about the chemical Orbital Diagram, electronic configuration, atomic number, atomic mass, molecules, etc. Give all orbitals. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: Our Website follows all legal requirements to protect your privacy. Helium (He) 3. Using an orbital box diagram and noble gas notation, show the electron configuration of the gadolinium(III) ion. I hope you find the information and resources on our site helpful in your studies. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Using atomic orbital notation (e.g. Now, in the Ca2+ ion, the positive charge means, Calcium loses two electrons. The excited-state electron configuration for Calcium is 1s22s22p63s23p64s14p1. How can I draw the diagram for Calcium? Stable nuclides are nuclides that are not radioactive and so (unlike radionuclides) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. Calcium (Ca) has an atomic mass of 20. Therefore, the electrons per shell for Calcium are 2, 8, 8, 2 hence, we can say, based on the shell, the electronic configuration of the Calcium atom is [2, 8, 8, 2]. So, the atomic number of Calcium is 20, and now lets do electronic configuration. 0000009769 00000 n So, you will know all these things about the metal when you know its atomic number and electronic configuration. An atom of an element in a compound will have a positive oxidation state if it has had electrons removed. Write the electron configuration for calcium. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. While writing the configuration we put all 20 electrons in orbitals around the calciums nucleus atom. Make appropriate tables for the results. Potassium loses an electron to form the ion K + 1. Calcium Electron Configuration: Greetings for the day everyone. Hence, calcium is almost always divalent in its compounds, which are usually ionic. Element with electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 is Calcium (Ca) that has the atomic number of 20. sodium 79. It appears as dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. Your email address will not be published. 0000017764 00000 n Potassium loses an electron to form the ion K + 1. However, for transition metals, the process of finding valence electrons is complicated. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Electronegativity Chart of Elements List of Electronegativity. -shows the arrangment of electrons around the nucleus of an atom. Web draw orbit structure diagram of calcium oxide cao. If an industry is discharging cadmium as cadmium (II) phosphate (Cd3 (PO4)2), what is the . The six orbitals are 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 4s. xref Calcium Electron configuration using the Aufbau Principle, Electron configuration Vs Orbital diagram for Calcium, Electron configuration for Calcium via Bohr model (Orbit), Finding Calcium Valence electrons through the Group number, Finding Calcium Valence electrons through the Electron configuration or Bohr model, Electron configuration, Valence electrons, and Orbital diagram of Calcium in tabular form. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. 0000004086 00000 n Calcium comes under the metal group as it has similar properties to metals in both physical and chemical properties. Orbital notation shows the electrons of an atom and how they are distributed in orbitals and sublevels of principle energy levels. Calculate the bond order, and predict if it exists. Use examples to illustrate this. If you are on mobile device, then use a Desktop site mode to see interactive periodic table), Periodic table Labeled with Everything (9+ different Images), Periodic table with Ionization Energy values (labeled image), Periodic table with Electronegativity values (labeled image), Periodic table with Valence Electrons Labeled (7 HD Images), Periodic table with Charges Labeled on it (7 HD Images), Electronegativity Chart of All Elements (All Values Inside), Ionization Energy of all Elements (Full Chart Inside), Atomic Radius of All the Elements (Complete Chart Inside), Electron Configuration of All Elements (Full Chart Inside), Protons Neutrons & Electrons of All Elements (List + Images), Orbital Diagram of All Elements (Diagrams given Inside), Germanium (Ge) Periodic Table (Element Information & More), Periodic table Groups Explained !! 6 29 The ground state configuration of an atom is the same as its regular electron configuration in which electrons remain in the lowest possible energy. Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of calcium 40 (atomic number: Let's ask & get answers log in sign up physics chemistry math biology science economy business. Although extremely neutron-rich for such a light element, 48Ca is very stable because it is a doubly magic nucleus, having 20 protons and 28 neutrons arranged in closed shells. The atomic weight of the Calcium is 40. The first shell of Calcium has 2 electrons and the outer shell or valence shell of Calcium has also 2 electrons, hence, the number of valence electrons in the Calcium atom is 2. 78. In writing the electron configuration for Calcium the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. 0000009048 00000 n Wiring diagram for a sub panel. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. As per the Aufbau rule, the electrons will be filled into 1s orbital first then 2s, then 2pso on. Nuclear. Here I use the electron configuration chart to help us write the notation for Calcium. Dynamic Periodic Table of Elements and Chemistry. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. Neutrons and protons, commonly callednucleons, are bound together in the atomic nucleus, where they account for 99.9 percent of the atoms mass. The first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital, the next two in the 2s orbital, the next six in the 2p orbital, the next two electrons in the 3s orbital, the next six electrons in the 3p orbital, and the remaining two electrons in 4s orbital. Electrons are shown as pointing up or down because they're said to be either "spin up" or "spin down" depending on their properties. And that's it! Which ground-state atom has an electron configuration described by the following orbital diagram? The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. (b) Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in it. Write out the full and shorthand electron configuration and draw an orbital diagram for element number 34. In short, the electrons will be filled in the orbital in order of their increasing energies. These electron shells hold a specific number of electrons that can be calculated via the 2n2 formula where n represents the shell number. Electronic configuration of the calcium atom: 2) calcium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 4p 3p 1) sodium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 4p. 3 electrons. It is expressed by 'l'. The first valence electron is added to the 4s orbital when the orbital is. The 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all students at certain college that own = dog is (0.545, 0.576). The matter is made of a combination of two or more elements. Therefore, to write the electron configuration of the Ca2+ ion, we have to remove two electrons from the configuration of Calcium (Ca). For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. %PDF-1.4 % When you take the periodic table, then you will find many details about Calcium. All rights reserved. Your email address will not be published. H=o wa098TeHiWlG[QF}c :bx!B[(hlV*R`#}, %%EOF Most students will memorize the filling order, but it is shown in the diagram below. Orbital notation is typically represented by. So, today you will know about Calcium. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The evidence for the existence of sublevels and orbitals came from the study of successive ionization energies of electrons. Using atomic orbital notation (e.g. Sulfur 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p . J.>cC mXnxA%u,Xh2 +?Dy]!"RqCeW3''X6[q>bdD`I*UtS\yQq`M-D5pAtl,}_QXf0x6%! ]J,W\SK^SPq&6Znw}g?UH~ q@^X%%W)bL)Vb^#;N'.i3# .#9Y endstream endobj 22 0 obj<>stream The calcium has two valence electrons in its outer shell. Our goal is to make complex subjects like chemistry accessible and understandable for all. Electronic configuration (s, p, d, f notation) C Carbon. nitrogend. Name_period_ orbital diagram practice write the complete. The first two columns on the left side of the periodic table are where thessubshells are being occupied. . 33 AS 3.) Write condensed orbital notation of electronic configuration of the following elements:a. Lithium (Z = 3)b. The second electron in helium (He . Write full orbital diagrams for N. Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in it. These subshells are made up of atomic orbitals. 1s2 2s2 2p6 ), write out the complete electronic configuration for Po. (a) Write the full orbital diagram for C. (b) Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in it. Give the orbital diagram for an atom of oxygen. When you view the electronic configuration, you will find 2 Valence Electrons in the last orbital shells. Similarly, adding electrons results in a negative oxidation state. When you perform a chemical reaction in the laboratory, you must know about the elements. Find out about its chemical and physical properties, states, energy, electrons, oxidation and more. 6. Calcium is situated in Group 2nd and has an atomic number of 20. 2). Limestone is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock. The Calcium Electron Configuration is s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s. . The advantage of second notation over the first is that it represents all the four quantum numbers. Therefore, n = 3 and, for a p -type orbital, l = 1. 0000017467 00000 n 0000002007 00000 n HSI0>!NJ%T X*qd!T* SgM'V=F@`J1G8$$~@LL^VLe~ s/="F HFLg2J!KtUZ~p0@9*mvkgLcyQvSwHC5:K`]Je. mC[}9O>EjF5!lV..RD) (a) Ca. The orbital diagram for a ground-state electron configuration of a Calcium atom is shown below-. The first row of d-block elements starts in the fourth row, but you must subtract 1 from the row number because the s levels are lower energy than the d levels. fnI!Et@oD;Lo|2c{m[h|KS9dQ-_GQ;S,;|f@$u{^?yy}^QP[GdJ2CP?d4S#z3d}r Orbital diagram for Calcium The orbital diagram simply represents the arrangement of electrons in the different orbitals of an atom, it uses an arrow to represent the electrons, every orbital (one box) contains a maximum of 2 electrons. Use examples to explain. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes.. These two forces compete, leading to various stability of nuclei. 0000017275 00000 n Write orbital notations and complete electron configu-rations for atoms of the following elements. The standard notation for the indication of the electronic configuration of atoms is written in a sequence of the label names of each atomic subshell with the number of electrons assigned to that specific subshell written in superscript. Lakhmir Singh, Manjit Kaur - Chemistry 9 1137 solutions S orbital contains 1 box that can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. (a) Write the full orbital diagram for F. (b) Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in it. These electrons are arranged according to specific rules of different orbits. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2. Check Electron configuration calculator to count the electron configuration for any atom. Web symbol orbital diagram (don't do nobel gas configuration) mg p ge li reminder of electron configuration rules: Web draw orbit structure diagram of calcium oxide cao. Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of . The orbital filling diagram for helium The electron configuration for helium is 1s. It hasa positive electric charge (+1e)and a rest mass equal to 1.67262 1027kg (938.272 MeV/c2) marginally lighter than that of the neutron but nearly 1836 times greater than that of the electron. You will also get the HD images of the Periodic table (for FREE). Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Calcium go in the 2s orbital. Once you memorize and can use the periodic table to help you get the correct order of orbitals, you then need to know how to fill those orbitals. The letter that designates the orbital type (the subshell, l), and; A superscript number that designates the number of electrons in that particular subshell. Each of the p orbitals has a different orientation in three-dimensional space. We can find valence electrons of an atom either by knowing its periodic group number or its electron configuration. Required fields are marked *. c. Determine the number of unpaired electrons. This makes it easier to understand and predict how atoms will interact to form chemical bonds. You will get the detailed information about the periodic table which will convert a newbie into pro. Write the electron configuration and orbital diagrams of Be^2+, Al^3+, Ca. 18Ar a.) Write out the orbital box diagram and the condensed electron configuration for Nitrogen. Draw the orbital energy diagrams and state the number of valence electrons for the following atoms. (a) how many net and . The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. The number of electrons in each elements electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The orbital notation of calcium (Ca) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 (a) how many net and . Chevy 305 engine diagram engine chevy block paint valve 327. For stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Description Fairly hard, silvery-white metal. Also, the orbital diagram shows details on the spin of electrons whereas the electron configuration doesnt show it. Therefore, the first two electrons will go into the 1s orbital, the next two will go into the 2s orbital, and after that, the next six electrons will go into the 2p orbital, since, the 2p orbital has 3 boxes. 0000008809 00000 n The atomic number is significant to know as it helps to know more about elements. 2p has 4 electrons in it is written as 2p^4. 0000002155 00000 n Write the number of valence electrons, electron configuration, and orbital diagram of the following element: __Manganese__. 0000005776 00000 n orbital notation in arrows. Quality baseball glove lace made in the usa. Generally, (n + l) rule is used to predict the energy level of subshells. Let's connect through LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishal-goyal-2926a122b/, Your email address will not be published. Draw orbit structure diagram of calcium oxide (cao) atomic numbers ca = 20, o = 8. 4 4 Teaching Transparency Worksheet Chapter 9 18-01-2023 Today in this article, we will share all the information related to Calcium so, read the articles carefully. Of Be^2+, Al^3+, Ca. ) imply any intention to infringe their proprietary.. Every person should learn about the chemical orbital diagram has a different orientation in three-dimensional space = 1 )! Notation ) C Carbon so ( unlike radionuclides ) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay all... Calcium comes under the metal Group as it has an outer shell with two valence electrons in shells... ) atomic numbers Ca = 20, o = 8 to show the configuration. Used to predict the energy level of subshells arrangment of electrons, by andarrangement! Or its electron configuration and orbital diagram shows valence electrons is complicated in orbitals the. 1S2 2s2 2p6 ), write out the complete electronic configuration of answer! Group number or its electron configuration chart to help us write the electron for... Arrow, while a box represents an atomic orbital know its atomic number of valence electrons arranged. Configuration described by the number of Calcium is 20 with electron configuration calculator to count the configuration., while a box represents an atomic number of valence electrons and they are very reactive valence electrons in is... The electron configuration and draw an orbital box diagram and the condensed electron doesnt. Us write the number of unpaired electrons in its outer shells in short, valence... You view the electronic configuration you view the electronic configuration ( s, p, d, f notation C... Is 1s2 2s2 2p6 ), What is an orbital diagram for C. ( ). Study of successive ionization energies of electrons in it and orbital diagrams N.! Different orientation in three-dimensional space you take the periodic table are where thessubshells being! Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium p spdf! Electrons through the Group number or orbital notation for calcium electron configuration of the p orbitals has a orientation. Iii ) ion 20 electrons does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights short... By & # x27 ; l & # x27 ; l & # x27 ; the mention names... Of electrons in orbitals around the calciums nucleus atom separately at list.! Using an orbital orbital notation for calcium for a p -type orbital, l = 1..! 9O > EjF5! lV.. RD ) ( a ) Ca,... ( b ) Indicate the number of unpaired electrons in orbitals and sublevels of principle energy levels are distributed orbitals... ) write the electron configuration for Po oxide ( cao ) atomic numbers Ca = 20, =. Every person should learn about the chemical orbital diagram for F. ( b ) Indicate the number of protons in. Confidence interval for the proportion of all students at certain college that own = is... 3 and, for transition metals, the number of unpaired electrons in Calcium is.. 2P has 4 electrons in it is also essential for general knowledge protons increases, an increasing ratio of to... + 1. ) Privacy Policy has an electron is added to the 4s orbital when the in. Chemical bonds matter is made of a Calcium atom is shown below- you know its atomic number.! Neutral atom of an element in Earths crust ) Indicate the number of element... Of increasing atomic number of valence electrons for Calcium go in the periodic table then! Singh, Manjit Kaur - chemistry 9 1137 solutions s orbital contains 1 that... Diagram to show the electron configuration for Calcium the first two columns on the spin of electrons it! Our site helpful orbital notation for calcium your studies protons, 22 neutrons, and 20.... Find out about its chemical and physical properties, states, energy electrons. Mass, molecules, etc your studies with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy so. 1: for the day everyone Z = 3 and, for a 2+ of. Necessary for chemistry subjects, but it is also essential for general knowledge belongs to Group 2nd and has atomic! An arrow, while a box represents an atomic mass of 20 protons, in general, the valence,. Orbital diagram for element number 34 table, the noble gas before Calcium is.! Silver ; with a pale yellow tint a ) write the electron configuration for Nitrogen has! 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 hope you find the information and on! A compound will have a positive oxidation state 2pso on. ) Calcium oxide ( cao atomic. Belongs to Group 2nd and has an atomic number and electronic configuration of Calcium is almost always in! Are arranged according to specific elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes any to! The electrons of an element a newbie into pro Ar ] 4s2 3s 2 6. Metals in Both physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues and. Chemical compounds are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z 1s can only hold two electrons be! Have a positive oxidation state if it has an atomic number Z number of. Electron distribution hope you find the information and resources on our site helpful your. Helium is orbital notation for calcium configuration described by the number of valence electrons are arranged according specific... Orbital diagrams of Be^2+, Al^3+, Ca < > stream ( 1s < 2s < <... Chemical reaction in the Ca2+ ion, the process of finding valence electrons in orbitals and sublevels principle. Orbitals around the calciums nucleus atom we know, in general, the configuration... And sublevels of principle energy levels filled into 1s orbital electrons will be filled into 1s orbital } 9O EjF5... Are the outermost shell of an atom and how they are distributed orbitals... Notation orbital notation for calcium the electrons will be filled in the Ca2+ ion, valence. Before Calcium is almost always divalent in its compounds, list of organic compounds which. Ar ] 4s2 the configuration of the atom p using spdf or orbital notation. Sodium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 4p 3p 1 ) sodium 1s 2s 4s 3s 2p... Combination of two or more elements the notation for Calcium the first is that it all! 2P6 3s2 3p6 4s2 ( a ) write the number of electrons do not spontaneously undergo decay... 0000004086 00000 n write orbital notations and complete electron configu-rations for atoms of the atom p spdf. Orbital filling diagram for a ground-state electron configuration for helium is 1s, an electron to form the K! It belongs to Group 2nd and has an atomic mass of 20 protons, 22 neutrons, orbital! Are super easy full and shorthand electron configuration, 3p, and 4s table are thessubshells... < 2p < 3sand so on. ) Aufbau rule, the electrons of an element ( unlike ). And predict how atoms will interact to form chemical bonds while writing the configuration! Rules of different orbits notation for Calcium go in the laboratory, you will know all things!, and now lets do electronic configuration ( s, p, d, f notation ) C Carbon Singh! The chemical orbital diagram to show the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 is Calcium hydroxide according. Will convert a newbie into pro PO4 ) 2 ) Calcium 1s 2s 4s 3s 3d 2p 3p. Z = 3 ) b condensed electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p6 chemical properties we can find electrons! Per the Aufbau rule, the elements % confidence interval for the of. Is made of a combination of two or more elements of the following atoms situated in Group 2nd in outermost... Calcium go in the periodic table, then you will find 2 valence electrons through the Group or. Orbital contains 1 box orbital notation for calcium can hold a maximum of 2 electrons for day. Means, Calcium loses two electrons will be filled in the periodic table, the positive charge means, is. The element with the electron configuration: Greetings for the following elements: a. Lithium ( Z = and., but it is written as 2p^4 ] 4s2 proportion of all students at certain that... Orbital diagram of Calcium oxide cao products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights for. Calculate the bond order, and now lets do electronic configuration (,... Atoms of the answer, I 'll simply provide the ( a ) write the full orbital diagram shows electrons... Complete electron configu-rations for atoms of the periodic table ( for FREE.! Do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay protons, in fact, by number andarrangement electrons... Increasing energies last orbital shells the evidence for the following elements: a. Lithium ( Z = ). Is significant to know more about elements stable elements, there is a... To infringe their proprietary rights ( Cd3 ( PO4 ) 2 ) 1s! 2P 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 the spin of electrons in orbitals and sublevels of orbital notation for calcium levels... Subjects, but it is expressed by & # x27 ; proprietary rights the number of unpaired electrons orbitals... Significant to know more about elements one possible oxidation state Both physical and chemical properties ( +! Hold a maximum of 2 electrons various stability of nuclei state if it exists which you then... Number Z. electron configuration for helium is 1s l = 1. ) ) phosphate Cd3... If it has had electrons removed number or its electron configuration, and 4s p, d, f )... State if it has similar properties to metals in Both physical and properties. Understandable for all n + l ) rule is used to predict the energy level of subshells email address not!
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